Absorption Chillers
Thermax is the first manufacturer of absorption chillers in the world to commercialise the ultimate in absorption technology – the Triple-Effect Absorption Chiller. This is a major breakthrough in the field of refrigeration and air-conditioning. Triple-effect absorption chillers have a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 1.8, which is nearly 30% higher than that of the double-effect absorption chillers. This helps the user to significantly reduce the energy requirement for cooling.
Product Information
Cooling capacity: 100 – 1000 TR (350 – 3500 kW)Chilled water
Lowest outlet temperature: 5°C
Chilled water delta T – 30°C max
Cooling water
Design inlet temperature: 25°C – 32°C
Minimum inlet temperature: 10°C
Driving heat source
Steam (Pressure: 10 – 25 bar.g, Dry saturated) or Hot water (Inlet temperature: 190°C – 225°C)
Features
• Highest possible COP
• Online concentration measurement
• Stainless-steel tubes for generator
• Stainless-steel plate-type solution heat exchangers
• Advance series flow technology
• VFD for solution pump
• PLC-based control panel
• BMS connectivity
• Colour touch-screen operator interface
Thermax triple-effect absorption chillers are designed based on its proven advanced series flow technology. This ensures that the highest concentration and highest temperature of lithium bromide solution does not occur simultaneously. Due to this the rate of corrosion is negligible compared to the para-flow or reverse-flow technologies. Coupled with an accurate online concentration measurement, the Thermax triple-effect absorption chillers are extremely user friendly and significantly reduce user intervention and down time.
The variable frequency drives on solution pumps help to improve the COP during part loads and also offers a stable operation. It also increases the life of the solution pump. Ferritic stainless-steel tubes in generators of the triple-effect machine have thermal expansion coefficient similar to carbon steel and thus helps to avoid stress corrosion cracking. The plate-type solution heat exchangers increase the COP by offering maximum internal heat recovery. The stainless-steel plates of these solution heat exchangers ensure long life and reliability.
The operation of the absorption chiller is controlled by a stand-alone PLC-based control panel. The touch screen HMI provided on the control panel enables the operator to set the necessary set points and to see all the operating parameters, statuses, alarms, and trip logs. The chiller is also equipped with the necessary level controls, temperature sensors, flow-safety devices etc. to control and safeguard the chiller. For viewing the operating parameters of the chiller from a remote location, MODBUS RTU or Ethernet connectivity is available.
Thermax manufactures these Triple-effect Chillers in India and supplies them to more than 85 countries across the globe.
Thermax offers a range of steam-driven Vapour Absorption Machines driven by saturated steam pressure at 0.1 kg/cm2 to 26 kg/cm2. Steam-driven VAMs are categorised as single effect, double effect and triple effect depending on the heat-source temperature. The source of heat for steam-driven VAMs can be:
• Steam from boiler
• Steam from processes
• Steam from cogeneration plants
• Steam from turbines
Many industries in India and across the world like food and beverages, paper and pulp, pharma, steel, dairy, refinery and petrochemical, fertilisers, textiles, commercial and many more have benefitted from Thermax’s steam-driven VAMs
Single-effect steam-fired chiller (SS Series)
The single-effect, steam-driven machine is one of the oldest and most established absorption machines. It is driven by low-grade energy and consumes minimum power. In single-effect technology, the gain in concentration of the absorbent is achieved using only one generator.
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 100 to 2180USRT (350 – 7650kW)
• Steam pressure: From 0 to 3.5 bar.g (0 to 50 psig)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5ºF) with brine
• COP: 0.70-0.75
• Heat source:
o Steam from turbine extraction
o Flash steam
o Low pressure vapours from process
o Vapour from continuous polymerization column
o Vapour from potato fryers, etc.
Double-effect steam-fired chiller (2B Series)
Double-effect, steam-driven absorption machines are one of the most efficient cooling solutions for industrial applications. In the double-effect machines, the gain in concentration is achieved in two steps. The primary generator (referred to as a High-Temperature Generator or HTG) produces vapour. This latent heat is transferred to lithium bromide in the secondary generator (referred to as a Low-Temperature Generator or LTG).
Thermax double-effect absorption chillers are designed based on its proven Advanced Series Flow technology. This ensures that the highest concentration and highest temperature of lithium bromide solution does not occur simultaneously. Due to this the rate of corrosion is negligible compared to the para-flow or reverse-flow technologies.
• Capacities: From 50 to 2500 USRT (175– 8800 kW)
• Heat source: Steam
• Steam pressure: From 3.0 to 10.0 bar.g (43 to 140 psig)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5ºF) with brine
• COP: 1.38 – 1.43
Thermax has the complete range of hot water chillers, specially designed for low-temperature, medium-temperature and high-temperature hot water.
Low temperature hot water
Low-temperature hot water chillers are further classified as Low Capacity (LT Series) and High Capacity (5G Series).
Cogenie (LT Series)
Cogenie is a simple and compact small-capacity, single-effect hot water chiller. It is widely used for combined heat power and cooling (CHPC) based air-conditioning application in America and Europe.
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 10 to 200 TR (35 to 700 kW)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 3.5ºC (38.5ºF)
• Hot water temperature: From 75ºC(167ºF) to 120ºC(248ºF)
• COP: 0.65–0.72
5g series
The 5G Series comes with two-stage evaporation and condensation technology (also known as Twin design). This ensures the lowest specific heat input compared to other contemporary VAMs, making it the most efficient VAM in its category. This results in the lowest operating cost throughout the life cycle of the VAM, as well as in the lowest water consumption in the cooling tower thus saving precious water.
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 200 to 1380USRT (700 to 4850 kW)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 0ºC (34ºF)
• Hot water temperature: From 75ºC(167ºF) to 120ºC (248ºF)
• COP: 0.75 – 0.8
Medium-temperature hot water (HS Series)
The medium-temperature hot water machine is one of the oldest and most established absorption machines, driven by low-grade energy and consuming minimum power. It follows single-effect technology, where the gain in concentration of the absorbent is achieved using only one generator.
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 100 to 2180USRT (350 to 7650kW)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 0ºC (33.8ºF)
• Hot water temperature: From 120ºC to 150ºC (248ºF to 302ºF)
• COP: 0.7 - 0.75
High-temperature hot water (2G Series)
High-temperature hot water machines are of the double-effect type, where the gain in concentration is achieved in two steps. The primary generator (referred to as the High Temperature Generator or HTG) produces vapour. This latent heat is transferred to lithium bromide in the secondary generator (referred to as the Low Temperature Generator or LTG).
Thermax double-effect absorption chillers are designed based on its proven Advanced Series Flow technology. This ensures that the highest concentration and highest temperature of lithium bromide solution does not occur simultaneously. Due to this the rate of corrosion is negligible compared to para-flow or reverse-flow technologies
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 50 to 2500USRT (175 to 8800kW)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5 ºF) with brine
• Hot water temperature: From 150ºC to 180ºC (302ºF to 356ºF)
• COP: 1.4 - 1.45
Heat Source:
• Hot water from Solar collectors
• Process condensate heat recovery
• Engine jacket water
• Heat recovery from flue gas
Hot water fired machines are used for process cooling, industrial, and comfort air-conditioning. A popular application of hot water fired machines is Charge Air Cooling or DGs & Gas Turbines. These machines are typically used in cases where the hot water source is already present as part of an industrial or commercial process.
Hot water fired chillers are generally used in industries like: chemicals, pharmaceuticals, paper, textiles, captive power plants, steel, hotels and hospitals, restaurants, software parks, offices, educational institutions, museums, etc.
Direct fuel-fired, double-effect machines have a furnace as an integral part of the high-temperature generator, where a variety of liquid or gaseous fuels can be fired to drive the absorption machine.
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 50 to 1550 USRT (175-5450kW)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5ºF) for brine
• Heat source: Natural gas, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), propane, kerosene, biogas and high-speed diesel (HSD)
• COP: 1.4-1.45
Thermax exhaust-fired absorption machines directly utilise waste heat from the gas/diesel engine or turbine exhaust gases, microturbine or fuel cells which helps in making air-conditioning almost free of cost. It also reduces the initial capital cost of the system by downsizing the engine size; as additional power units required for electrical chillers are eliminated.
Heat recovery from multiple engines can also be done by a single machine having separate dedicated tube banks for each engine thereby avoiding the mixing of flue gases and back pressure.
Operating Range
• Capacities: From 50 to 2500 USRT (175 to 8800kW)
• Chilled water temperature: Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5ºF) for brine
• Exhaust gas temperature: From 275 to 600ºC (525 to 1110ºF)
• COP: 1.4 - 1.45
These machines have been installed in shopping malls, multiplexes and commercial establishments and are finding favour in industrial segments, where customers are opting for self-generation.
Thermax multi-energy machines are designed as per Single-Double effect technology, enabling maximum heat recovery from both the heat sources. High-grade and low-grade heat are used in the double-effect cycle and single-effect cycle respectively. The most used multi-energy machine is the E.J. Series i.e., using engine exhaust and engine jacket water.
Operating Range
• Capacities : From 100 to 3500 USRT (175 to 12300kW)
• Chilled water temperature : Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5ºF) for brine
• Heat source : Exhaust gas, steam, hot water and liquid/gas fuels
High grade
• Steam (4 to 10Kg/cm²)
• Exhaust gas (350 to 600ºC)
• Hot water (150 to 180ºC)
Low grade
• Steam( 0 to 3Kg/cm²)
• Hot water(80 to 95ºC)
Supplementary backup : Direct oil/gas firing
COP : 1.0 – 1.1
The Chiller heater is a lithium bromide-based vapour absorption machine producing chilled and hot water for cooling and heating applications. These machines can be designed to generate either cooling or heating as well as both simultaneously. Chiller heaters can generate hot water temperature up to 95oC.
In Thermax's High-Efficiency Chiller Heater 40% of the heat required for generating hot water is recovered from low-temperature chilled water. The remaining 60% is recovered from an external heat source. Thereby, a 40% reduction in the direct external heat source can be achieved for heating hot water compared to a conventional hot water generator. Additionally, refrigeration is also generated simultaneously.
Chiller heaters are used in industries like food and beverages, automobile, pharmaceutical, hotels, and in all processes where both cooling and heating are required.
Operating Range
Heating capacity : 250 to 9250 kW
Cooling capacity : 100 to 3500 USRT
Hot water temperature : Up to 90ºC (194ºF)
Chilling water temperature : Up to 1ºC (34ºF) and -2ºC (28.5ºF) for brine
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